RESILIENSI ANAK PASCA BENCANA: LITERATUR REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32938/jsk.v3i01.933Keywords:
resiliensi anak, bencanaAbstract
Latar Belakang: Bencana mengancam kehidupan jutaan anak. Anak merupakan kelompok usia terbesar yang mengalami bencana di seluruh dunia. Diperkirakan ada lebih dari 100 juta anak terpapar bencana setiap tahun. Anak termasuk dalam kelompok beresiko yang paling rentan. Dampak bencana pada kelompok usia anak lebih mengkhawatirkan dibanding usia dewasa. Anak lebih beresiko mengalami trauma akibat bencana. Resiko tersebut tergantung pada tingkat perkembangan kognitif dan emosi. Resiliensi dibutuhkan untuk proses recovery survivor bencana. Resiliensi yang dimiliki oleh individu akan menurunkan tingkat PTSD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara sistematis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi resiliensi anak setelah bencana. Subjek dan Metode: Literatur review dibuat berdasarkan metode kuantitatif dengan model PRISMA. Variabel dependen adalah resiliensi anak. Variabel independen adalah ikatan positif pengasuh utama, regulasi emosi, fleksibilitas kognitif, persepsi, kontrol dan dukungan sosial. Dari 31 artikel, 5 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang dipilih untuk penelitian ini. Artikel-artikel tersebut dikumpulkan dari 3 sumber basis data meliputi EBSCOhost, Science Direct dan Pubmed. Hasil: faktor-faktor psikososial kunci yang terkait dengan resiliensi. Faktor psikososial kunci tersebut termasuk pentingnya ikatan positif dengan pengasuh utama selama perkembangan, regulasi emosi, fleksibilitas kognitif, persepsi dan kontrol serta ketersediaan dukungan sosial untuk resiliensi di sepanjang rentang usia. Kesimpulan: Resiliensi pada anak dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikososial. Resiliensi membantu kesiapan menghadapi bencana dan meminimalkan dampaknya.
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