DIGITAL RESPONSIVENESS LOOP IN THE DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE OF INDONESIA'S FREE NUTRITIOUS MEAL PROGRAMME

Authors

  • Wydha Mustika Maharani Universitas Jember
  • Masadib Akmal Vyandri Universitas Jember
  • Achmad Hafy Akmal Moeslim Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
  • Desi Paramita Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32938/jan.v8i2.11029

Keywords:

digital democratic governance, government responsiveness, public sentiment, social media, Free Nutritious Meal Programme

Abstract

This study examines government responsiveness to public opinion on social media about Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meal Programme.  Using a qualitative case study design, this article combines a secondary sentiment dataset of 4,968 public comments, document analysis of official government communication, and thematic content analysis. The findings show that public sentiment toward the programme is dominated by negative and neutral responses, reflecting concerns over food safety, budget transparency, implementation readiness, and policy targeting. The findings indicate a gap between public sentiment pressure and the visibility of government response mechanisms. Although official complaint channels and public clarifications exist, the publicly available evidence does not yet show a fully dialogic, transparent, and traceable feedback loop. These limitations can be understood in relation to bureaucratic hierarchy, weak operational standards for digital response, limited institutional coordination, and uneven public-sector digital communication capacity. The findings suggest that government responsiveness on social media should not be understood merely as a communication function, but as a core dimension of digital democratic governance that links public sentiment, institutional response, accountability, and policy legitimacy

References

Badan Gizi Nasional. (2025a, May 10). Kasus keracunan MBG di Bogor, BGN langsung uji lab dan beri teguran keras kepada SPPG. Biro Hukum Dan Humas Badan Gizi Nasional.

Badan Gizi Nasional. (2025b, June 18). Klarifikasi BGN terkait viral menu MBG berupa bahan mentah di Tangerang Selatan. Biro Hukum Dan Humas Badan Gizi Nasional.

Badan Gizi Nasional. (2025c, June 24). Cegah Penyelewengan Dana MBG, BGN Siapkan Sistem Pengawasan Berlapis. Biro Hukum Dan Humas Badan Gizi Nasional.

Badan Gizi Nasional. (2025d, July 29). Tak hanya gizi, program MBG juga tingkatkan ekonomi dan buka lapangan kerja. Biro Hukum Dan Humas Badan Gizi Nasional.

Badan Gizi Nasional. (2025e, September 27). BGN Buka Layanan Aduan MBG, Masyarakat Bisa Lapor Langsung. Biro Hukum Dan Humas Badan Gizi Nasional.

Badan Gizi Nasional. (2026, August 6). Rampung Dalam Satu Minggu, SPPG Wilayah 3T Menjadi Prioritas. Biro Hukum Dan Humas Badan Gizi Nasional.

Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027

br Surbakti, A., Soleha, U., Rohmatul Ummah, V., Isa Anshori, M., Telang, J., BoX, P., & Jawa Timur, B. (2025). Leadership in Smart Cities & Urban Innovation: The Role of Leadership in Creating a Smart City Based on Technology and Sustainability. Indonesian Economic Review, 5, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.53787/iconev.v5i1.49

Dommett, K., & Power, S. (2023). Monitoring digital election campaigns: Assessing the transparency ecosystem in the United Kingdom. Politics. https://doi.org/10.1177/02633957231156084

Esaiasson, P., Gilljam, M., & Persson, M. (2017). Responsiveness Beyond Policy Satisfaction: Does It Matter to Citizens? Comparative Political Studies, 50(6), 739–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015626445

Eyisi, A., Lee, D., & Trees, K. (2021). Facilitating collaboration and community participation in tourism development: The case of South-Eastern Nigeria. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(3), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420966035

Gohar F. Khan. (2017). Social Media for Government A Practical Guide to Understanding, Implementing, and Managing Social Media Tools in the Public Sphere. Springer.

Hastings, A., & Gannon, M. (2022). Absorbing the shock of austerity: the experience of local government workers at the front line. Local Government Studies, 48(5), 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2021.1889516

Heimstädt, M., & Dobusch, L. (2020). Transparency and Accountability: Causal, Critical and Constructive Perspectives. Organization Theory, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2631787720964216

Idris, I. K. (2018). Government Social Media in Indonesia: Just Another Information Dissemination Tool. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 34(4), 337–356. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2018-3404-20

John W. Creswell, & J. David Creswell. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage.

Johnny Saldaña. (2021). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., & Wu, J. (2024). Implementation responsiveness: linking public opinion to policy implementation. Journal of Chinese Governance, 9(4), 558–578. https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2024.2372948

Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Pirannejad, A., & Ingrams, A. (2023). Open Government Maturity Models: A Global Comparison. Social Science Computer Review, 41(4), 1140–1165. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211063107

Sjoberg, F. M., Mellon, J., & Peixoto, T. (2017). The Effect of Bureaucratic Responsiveness on Citizen Participation. Public Administration Review, 77(3), 340–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12697

Tatik Yuniarti, & Bramadya Andriza. (2026). Analisis sentimen dan opini publik: Evaluasi komunikasi media sosial Instagram Tim Kepresidenan @pco.ri dalam menangani kontroversi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG). Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi UHO, 11(1), 200–2015.

Tomkiv, Y., Liland, A., Oughton, D. H., & Wynne, B. (2017). Assessing Quality of Stakeholder Engagement: From Bureaucracy to Democracy. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 37(3), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467618824027

Wiencierz, C., & Lünich, M. (2022). Trust in open data applications through transparency. New Media and Society, 24(8), 1751–1770. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820979708

Xi Tang, & Kex Zena Fillip. (2025). Communication Pathways in Multilevel Governance: A Review of Digital Innovation and Public Value. Review of Communication Research, 13(Special), 196–210. https://doi.org/10.52152/RCR.V13.S9

Yannis Charalabidis, Leif Skiftenes Flak, & Gabriela Viale Pereira. (2022). Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation. Springer.

Yvonna S Lincoln, & Egon G. Guba. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage.

Zafarullah, H., & Ferdous, J. (2021). Cyberspace at the Grassroots: E-Governance and Citizen/Stakeholder Perceptions at the Local Level in Bangladesh. Journal of Development Policy and Practice, 6(2), 168–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/24551333211034082

Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., & Wang, C.-J. (2025). Unraveling the Shape of Social Media Narratives: Analyzing the Effects of Online Interaction and Narrative Structure on Attention to Digital Asset Transactions. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 69(3), 200–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2025.2484347

Downloads

Published

2026-08-31

How to Cite

Mustika Maharani, W., Akmal Vyandri, M., Hafy Akmal Moeslim, A., & Paramita, D. (2026). DIGITAL RESPONSIVENESS LOOP IN THE DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE OF INDONESIA’S FREE NUTRITIOUS MEAL PROGRAMME. JianE (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara), 8(2), 130–154. https://doi.org/10.32938/jan.v8i2.11029