HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN READING EXERCISES
A COURSE BOOK CONTENT ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Content Analysis, Higher Order Thinking Skill, Reading Exercise, Course Book
Abstract
Higher Order Thinking skills are greatly required by the students to have good critical thinking skills in response to the continuously developing globalization era with its challenges. This research aimed to analyze the distributions of questions found in open-ended reading exercises revealing whether or not the course book is sufficient to develop students’ critical thinking skills. This research used a qualitative method with content analysis to process the data found in open-ended reading exercises of English on Sky 3. Six cognitive levels (Remembering, Understanding, Applying Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating) of the revised bloom's taxonomy theory were used to analyze each reading question and then classified into HOTS or LOTS. The results showed that 6 of 158 open-ended reading questions (3.80%) belonged to HOTS, while 152 of 158 reading questions (96.20%) belonged to LOTS. Analyzing (5 of 6 questions or 83.3%) was the most dominant cognitive level. Meanwhile, evaluating had only 1 of 6 questions (16.7%) and creating even had no distribution. In conclusion, the distribution of HOTS which was lower than LOTS, demonstrated that the open-ended reading exercises in English on Sky 3 were insufficient to develop students' critical thinking skills.
References
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Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing, Abridged Edition. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Retrieved from https://www.apu.edu/live_data/files/333/bl ooms_taxonomy_action_verbs.pdf
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Bouk, E., & Siahaan, D. (2021). Pelatihan Kemampuan Berbicara Dalam Bahasa Inggris Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Wini Perbatasan NKRI-RDTL. Dharma Pengabdian Perguruan Tinggi (DEPATI), 1(2), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.33019/depati.v1i2.2633.
Brookhart, S. M. (2010). How to Assess Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Your Classroom. Alexandria, Virginia: ASCD.
Cunningsworth, Alan. (1995). Choosing your Course book. Oxford, Macmillan Publisher Limited.
Daiek, Deborah and Anter, Nancy. (2004). Critical Reading for College and Beyond. Boston: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Daniati, N., & Fitrawati, F. (2020). High Order Thinking Skill Questions in Reading Exercises (An Analysis of Reading Exercises in Bright an English Course Book for the Grade IX of Junior High School, Published by Erlangga in 2018. Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(2), 368-375.
Freahat, N. M., & Smadi, O. M. (2014). Lower- order and Higher-order Reading Questions in Secondary and University Level EFL Textbooks in Jordan. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 4(9).
Gunawan, I., & Palupi, A. R. (2016). Taksonomi Bloom–Revisi Ranah Kognitif: Kerangka Landasan untuk Pembelajaran, Pengajaran, dan Penilaian [Bloom's Taxonomy–Revision of the Cognitive Domain: A Fundamental Framework for Learning, Teaching, and Assessment]. Premiere educandum: jurnal pendidikan dasar dan pembelajaran, 2(02).
Harmer, Jeremy. (2010). How to Teach English (new ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
Heaton. J. B. (1975). Writing English Language Test (new ed.). New York: Longman
Igbaria, A. K., & Ghanayem, A. (2020). A Content Analysis of the WH-Questions in the EFL Textbook of That's Right. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(3) 220-243.
Ilma, F. (2018). Higher order thinking skill questions in reading exercises: an analysis of reading exercises in Bright Course Book for the seventh grade of junior high school of 2013 curriculum, published by Erlangga in the year of 2016 (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Walisongo)
Indriyana, B. S., & Kuswandono, P. (2019). Developing Students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Reading: English Teachers' Strategies in Selected Junior High Schools. Journal of English Teaching, 5(3), 204-216. Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy:
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Linse, Caroline T. (2006). Practical English Language Teaching: Young Learners. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Neno, Y. B., & Siahaan, D. G. 2021. Improving students’ speaking ability through English club as an extracurricular at SMA Negeri 1 Kefamenanu. UNNES-TEFLIN National Seminar, 4(1), 382-391. Retrieved from http://utns.proceedings.id/index.php/utns/article/view/131
Nugroho. R. A. (2021). HOTS (Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat tinggi) Edisi Revisi [HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Revised Edition]. Jakarta: Grasindo.
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Richards, J.C. (2001). Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
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Sholihah, T. (2019). The influence of higher order thinking skills, vocabulary mastery and reading motivation on reading comprehension achievement. LingTera, 6(2), 119-129
Siahaan, D. G. (2022). Improving Student’s Speaking Ability by Using Role Play of The Second Year Student at SMP Negeri Satap Nian nn Academic School Year 2021/2022. LEAD (Language, Education and Development), 2(1), 48-66.
Siahaan, D. G., & Pangaribuan, M. (2022). The Effect of Using Skimming and Scanning on The Students’ability in Reading Comprehension at Grade X In Sma Kampus Nommensen Pematangsiantar. Jurnal Edulanguage, 8(1), 28-36.
Siahaan, D. G., & Siahaan, D. (2021). The speaking ability of the english club’s second year students of the State SMA 1 Kefamenanu. ICE-TPD.
Siahaan, D. G., & Yulita, D. (2021). Improving The Students’ability in Reading Narrative Text Through Series of Picture at Grade Ten of SMA Kampus Pematangsiantar. Jurnal Edulanguage, 7(1), 1-9.
Siahaan, D. G., Bria, M. J. J., & Kamlasi, I. (2022). Improving the Students’ Vocabulary through Short Story of Eight Grade Students MTs. Nurul Falah Kefamenanu. ICONELT, 3, 211-218.
Siahaan, D. G., Wattu, L. M., Bouk, E., & Emanuel, U. (2022). Analyzing the Influence of Mother Tongues to English Speaking at the Eight Grade Students of Neonbat Junior High School. In Seminar Nasional LPPM UMMAT (Vol. 1, pp. 686-692).
Siahaan, D., Bouk, E., Nino, M., Aoetpah, S., Klaes, Y., Amloki, M., & Boifala, A. (2022). Pelatihan Kemampuan Mendeskripsikan Tempat Wisata Tanjung Bastian Dalam Bahasa Inggris Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Wini Perbatasan Nkri-Rdtl. Dharma Pengabdian Perguruan Tinggi (DEPATI), 2(2), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.33019/depati.v2i2.3278
Sulaiman, E., Aprianti, I., Siahaan, D., & Eni, G. (2022). A Correlation Study Between Frequency of Viewing Youtube and Students’ Listening Comprehension. Jurnal Edulanguage, 8(2), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.32938/edulanguage.8.2.2022.14-27
Ur, P. (2009). A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Woodward, Tessa. (2009). Planning Lessons and Courses: Designing Sequences of Work for the Language Classroom. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. An overview. Theory into practice, 41(4), 212-218.
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing, Abridged Edition. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Retrieved from https://www.apu.edu/live_data/files/333/bl ooms_taxonomy_action_verbs.pdf
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Sorensen, C. K. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education Eighth Edition. Belmont, California: Wadsworth.
Bouk, E., & Siahaan, D. (2021). Pelatihan Kemampuan Berbicara Dalam Bahasa Inggris Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Wini Perbatasan NKRI-RDTL. Dharma Pengabdian Perguruan Tinggi (DEPATI), 1(2), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.33019/depati.v1i2.2633.
Brookhart, S. M. (2010). How to Assess Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Your Classroom. Alexandria, Virginia: ASCD.
Cunningsworth, Alan. (1995). Choosing your Course book. Oxford, Macmillan Publisher Limited.
Daiek, Deborah and Anter, Nancy. (2004). Critical Reading for College and Beyond. Boston: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Daniati, N., & Fitrawati, F. (2020). High Order Thinking Skill Questions in Reading Exercises (An Analysis of Reading Exercises in Bright an English Course Book for the Grade IX of Junior High School, Published by Erlangga in 2018. Journal of English Language Teaching, 9(2), 368-375.
Freahat, N. M., & Smadi, O. M. (2014). Lower- order and Higher-order Reading Questions in Secondary and University Level EFL Textbooks in Jordan. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 4(9).
Gunawan, I., & Palupi, A. R. (2016). Taksonomi Bloom–Revisi Ranah Kognitif: Kerangka Landasan untuk Pembelajaran, Pengajaran, dan Penilaian [Bloom's Taxonomy–Revision of the Cognitive Domain: A Fundamental Framework for Learning, Teaching, and Assessment]. Premiere educandum: jurnal pendidikan dasar dan pembelajaran, 2(02).
Harmer, Jeremy. (2010). How to Teach English (new ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
Heaton. J. B. (1975). Writing English Language Test (new ed.). New York: Longman
Igbaria, A. K., & Ghanayem, A. (2020). A Content Analysis of the WH-Questions in the EFL Textbook of That's Right. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(3) 220-243.
Ilma, F. (2018). Higher order thinking skill questions in reading exercises: an analysis of reading exercises in Bright Course Book for the seventh grade of junior high school of 2013 curriculum, published by Erlangga in the year of 2016 (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Walisongo)
Indriyana, B. S., & Kuswandono, P. (2019). Developing Students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Reading: English Teachers' Strategies in Selected Junior High Schools. Journal of English Teaching, 5(3), 204-216. Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy:
Johnson, A. P. (2008). Teaching Reading and Writing: A Guidebook for Tutoring and Remediating Students: A Guidebook for Tutoring and Remediating Students. R&L Education.
Linse, Caroline T. (2006). Practical English Language Teaching: Young Learners. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Neno, Y. B., & Siahaan, D. G. 2021. Improving students’ speaking ability through English club as an extracurricular at SMA Negeri 1 Kefamenanu. UNNES-TEFLIN National Seminar, 4(1), 382-391. Retrieved from http://utns.proceedings.id/index.php/utns/article/view/131
Nugroho. R. A. (2021). HOTS (Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat tinggi) Edisi Revisi [HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Revised Edition]. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Nurianti, M. (2020). The Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions Level in The English Textbook for Senior High School of Grade Twelfth (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau).
Pangaribuan, M., & Siahaan, D. G. 2022. The Ability of The Students in Speaking Ability by Using Debate at Grade Twelveth in Sma Kampus Nommensen Pematangsiantar. Jurnal Edulanguage, 8(1), 1-10.
Richards, J.C. (2001). Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Russell, M. K., & Airasian, P. W. (2012). Classroom Assessment: Concept and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sholihah, T. (2019). The influence of higher order thinking skills, vocabulary mastery and reading motivation on reading comprehension achievement. LingTera, 6(2), 119-129
Siahaan, D. G. (2022). Improving Student’s Speaking Ability by Using Role Play of The Second Year Student at SMP Negeri Satap Nian nn Academic School Year 2021/2022. LEAD (Language, Education and Development), 2(1), 48-66.
Siahaan, D. G., & Pangaribuan, M. (2022). The Effect of Using Skimming and Scanning on The Students’ability in Reading Comprehension at Grade X In Sma Kampus Nommensen Pematangsiantar. Jurnal Edulanguage, 8(1), 28-36.
Siahaan, D. G., & Siahaan, D. (2021). The speaking ability of the english club’s second year students of the State SMA 1 Kefamenanu. ICE-TPD.
Siahaan, D. G., & Yulita, D. (2021). Improving The Students’ability in Reading Narrative Text Through Series of Picture at Grade Ten of SMA Kampus Pematangsiantar. Jurnal Edulanguage, 7(1), 1-9.
Siahaan, D. G., Bria, M. J. J., & Kamlasi, I. (2022). Improving the Students’ Vocabulary through Short Story of Eight Grade Students MTs. Nurul Falah Kefamenanu. ICONELT, 3, 211-218.
Siahaan, D. G., Wattu, L. M., Bouk, E., & Emanuel, U. (2022). Analyzing the Influence of Mother Tongues to English Speaking at the Eight Grade Students of Neonbat Junior High School. In Seminar Nasional LPPM UMMAT (Vol. 1, pp. 686-692).
Siahaan, D., Bouk, E., Nino, M., Aoetpah, S., Klaes, Y., Amloki, M., & Boifala, A. (2022). Pelatihan Kemampuan Mendeskripsikan Tempat Wisata Tanjung Bastian Dalam Bahasa Inggris Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Wini Perbatasan Nkri-Rdtl. Dharma Pengabdian Perguruan Tinggi (DEPATI), 2(2), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.33019/depati.v2i2.3278
Sulaiman, E., Aprianti, I., Siahaan, D., & Eni, G. (2022). A Correlation Study Between Frequency of Viewing Youtube and Students’ Listening Comprehension. Jurnal Edulanguage, 8(2), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.32938/edulanguage.8.2.2022.14-27
Ur, P. (2009). A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Woodward, Tessa. (2009). Planning Lessons and Courses: Designing Sequences of Work for the Language Classroom. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. An overview. Theory into practice, 41(4), 212-218.
Published
2023-04-28
How to Cite
Izzah, N., Adiarti, D., & Kariadi, M. (2023). HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS IN READING EXERCISES. Jurnal Edulanguage, 9(1), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.32938/edulanguage.9.1.2023.61-74
Section
Articles
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