This journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractices. Authors, editors, and reviewers must adhere to the following ethical guidelines:

Responsibilities of Editors

1. Fair Review Process: Editors evaluate manuscripts solely based on their academic merit, originality, and relevance to the journal's scope, without regard to the authors' race, gender, religious belief, ethnicity, or political philosophy.
2. Confidentiality: Editors must ensure that all submitted manuscripts are treated confidentially and shared only with relevant parties (e.g., reviewers) as needed.
3. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Editors must not use unpublished information for personal research or advantage.
4. Handling Ethical Complaints: Editors are responsible for responding promptly to ethical complaints and resolving issues appropriately.

Responsibilities of Authors

1. Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that their submissions are original and free from plagiarism. Proper citations should be provided for all referenced works.
2. Authorship Criteria: All listed authors must have significantly contributed to the research and agree to its publication.
3. Data Accuracy: Authors are required to ensure that all data in their manuscript is accurate and verifiable.
4. Acknowledgment of Sources: Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

1. Objective Evaluation: Reviewers must evaluate manuscripts fairly and impartially, focusing on the manuscript's academic merit.
2. Confidentiality: Reviewers must treat all information in the manuscripts as confidential.
3. Timeliness: Reviewers should complete their reviews within the agreed timeframe.
4. Conflict of Interest: Reviewers should decline to review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest.

Publication Malpractice

The journal strictly prohibits the following unethical practices:

• Plagiarism
• Fabrication or falsification of data
• Multiple submissions of the same manuscript to different journals
• Ghostwriting or guest authorship

Resolution of Ethical Issues

Any identified cases of misconduct will be investigated thoroughly. Depending on the severity of the case, the journal may impose sanctions, including manuscript retraction or reporting the issue to relevant institutions.